general contractor hourly rate

Ahead, well break down all the factors that determine how contractors charge for their services. The rate for a general contractor can vary greatly depending on several factors. The manager will help procure and review bids from subcontractors, help with scheduling and oversee the construction process; however, the customer supervises each step. Thats why to make sure you get the right amount of service; you need to ask for an estimate on your particular project. However, the general range that one would expect to pay is usually around $25.00 to $85.00 per hour. It will always fluctuate, depending on the project. A general contractor oversees a variety of construction projects. The type of carpenter you need depends on the project. Be aware that although this method is efficient and a good way to attain a ballpark figure, its not the most reliably accurate way of estimating project job costs. The best and only option you have to determine contractor rates is to ask them for a quote or an estimate. Increase visibility over labor with real-time updates and seamless integrations.Book a demo with Bridgit today. Adding this option to your initial price sheet may avoid having to give complicated explanations to your customers, so that you can get straight to discussing the work that needs to be done. Dont forget to also account for market trends and competitor rates to ensure that the estimate you arrive at is up to date. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. According to Angies List (Angi), most contractors also accept daily charges of around $300 $500 a day. They are responsible for hiring subcontractors and laborers to complete the work and oversee the project to make sure it stays on budget and the work gets done. At a minimum, these categories should include: When youve detailed all of the costs of completing the project, dont forget to markup a percentage for profit. Commercial office renovation: cost per workstation. Knowing how the contractor hourly rate can help you determine whether or not they are within your projects budget. Houzz Call: How Are Shortages Affecting Your Home Project? With that in mind, Ill try to answer some of the most frequent contractor hourly rate questions we get here below. We track millions of estimates homeowners get from contractors and share those prices with you. The average hourly pay for a General Contractor is $30.99 Hourly Rate $15 - $64 Bonus $200 - $25k Profit Sharing $213 - $42k Commission $5k - $25k Total Pay $32k - $136k Based on 1,748. You may run into obstacles during the project, but you can minimize potential issues by having a general contractor pricing guide that you can consult to create your estimates. Project type Fees for remodels are higher than for new construction. Find out how automation tools grow your field service business. Now when it comes to actually estimating the price of a job, there are several techniques that you can use. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Talk to potential pros about their experience, pricing, and any specialties they may have. New research shows that each woman experiences the disparity of gender pay gap in different ways, depending on her position, age, race and education. New research shows that each woman experiences the disparity of gender pay gap in different ways, depending on her position, age, race and education. It can also lead to oversights and other problems if you dont account for possible obstacles. Helping clients establish and stick to a project budget, Providing accurate and realistic cost estimates, Developing a construction timeline and ensuring the project meets deadlines, Scheduling and managing subcontractors, vendors, tradespeople, and laborers, Acquiring permits and ensuring all work meets local building codes. In addition to the hourly rate that general contractors charge for their services, there may be additional costs associated with a construction project. Their overhead costs are much lower; however, they also tend to drag projects to squeeze as much money as they can from you. According to Thumbtack, the national average for a handyman is $60 per hour, with a low end of $40 per hour and a high-end of $119 per hour. General contractor rates per hour: Not all contractors charge on an hourly basis, however. Liability insurance coverage will help protect your home against any work-related damage. Depending on the project, a professional has knowledge about local zoning laws, trade licensing, and safety procedures. A Most Construction Management Service work is quoted at a fixed price, for specific service (s) or deliverables. Plan and execute necessary project changes. There are two main reasons for this. Our recurring billing software helps you get paid. We take a deep dive into what's impacting employee retention and what employees are looking for in their new role. That way, clients wont leave them for someone thats cheaper yet offers the same services. From compensation planning to variable pay to pay equity analysis, we surveyed 4,900+ organizations on how they manage compensation. Level of Education: Gaining advanced degrees However, these are just average numbers, and every business charges differently depending on several factors, such as: Your general contractor pricing guide can provide you with insights that will help you factor these costs into your markup. Idaho Associated General Contractors pays an average hourly rate of $198 and hourly wages range from a low of $175 to a high of $225. The first pricing model is a fixed price (also called lump price) for the entire project. Role and Responsibilities, ZipRecruiter ATS Jobs for ZipSearch/ZipAlerts - 15 days ago. With a time-and-materials contract, a contractor will give the customer an estimate of the total cost based on materials and set hourly labor rate. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Charging hourly is more typical during the pre-construction phase than the building phase. Hiring a handyman costs about $390. The downside with a construction manager is that the customer must handle any issues that may arise during the project, including substandard quality, subcontractors failing to show up, and procuring all necessary permits. So, make sure you are aware of how much they tend to charge their clients. General contractors typically do not charge an hourly rate but instead set their fees by charging 10% to 20% of the overall cost of the project in a practice known as cost-plus. For bigger projects, a general contractor may up that fee to 25%. If you arent, then you are responsible for hiring subcontractors and supervising them to ensure that they complete the job. Design Workshop: Is a Phased Construction Project Right for You? Before you work your customers estimate, make sure you first do the following: Once youve done a walkthrough of your potential worksite and consulted with your subcontractors, youre ready to create an estimate for your client. You can expect to pay around $50 $100 per hour for a contractor and $40 $50 per hour for a subcontractor or a helper if you can find one whos willing to work at that particular rate. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Why do people leave their jobs? A general contractor typically charges between 15% and 20% of the overall cost of the project. However, it is important to remember that sometimes experience isnt everything; newer contractors may offer lower rates as they build their reputation. 2023 Bridgit. As a homeowner or someone who needs the services of a general contractor, its important to know what rate they charge. CA. The average pay range of unionized contractors in Chicago is also dependent . General contractors set their rates in one of two ways. The average general contractor gross salary in San Francisco, California is $161,742 or an equivalent hourly rate of $78. When youre looking to hire a general contractor for your construction project, the cost of their services is likely one of the most important factors that youll consider. A General Contractor pays an average hourly rate of $1,062 and hourly wages range from a low of $925 to a high of $1,216. By using HomeAdvisor, you agree to our Terms & Conditions, Copyright 1999 - 2023 HomeAdvisor, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The investment is worth the price. Providing a general contractor price sheet ensures customer satisfaction, resulting in repeat customers and more revenue for your business. Work schedule (start and completion dates). In this article, well discuss how much you can expect to pay for a general contractors services. A general contractor and construction manager have similar goals, but their roles and fee structures are different: A general contractor estimates the project cost and manages subcontractors and day-to-day operations at the construction site. How many projects like mine have you worked on? The fees are calculated from a markup on materials, subcontractor labor and the total price of the job. To estimate how much a contractor will charge, take the total cost of labor and materials and multiply that number by the contractors fee, which typically ranges from 10% to 20% of the projects total cost. A general carpenter typically charges about $27 per hour. Hourly rates for contractors range from $50 to $150. By using HomeAdvisor, you agree to our Terms & Conditions, Copyright 1999 - 2023 HomeAdvisor, Inc. All Rights Reserved. According to Home Advisor (another huge platform for pros), the average cost to hire a handyperson is $393. These might include unexpected delays due to bad weather, labor shortages, or changes in the availability of materials. There are a handful of jobs that you can do yourself, depending on your skill level and the tools available to you. A finish carpenter's hourly rate can range between $16 and $40 per hour. Stay informed on the cost of materials you commonly use for a typical construction project. The cost a homeowner will pay depends more on the type of project and level of experience the carpenter has, rather than whether or not they are in a union. Other forms, such as creating and installing a custom-built fireplace mantel, are more ornate. We have a list of architects that we recommend, says Machi, f you splurge on something and you want to stay on budget, then we better find a save, says Linda Machmeier, owner of, Well manage the project from soup to nuts, basically, says Shawn Cayer, owner of. However, the general range that one would expect to pay is usually around $25.00 to $85.00 per hour. Creating a general contractor pricing guide that includes the contact information for all of the subcontractors youve worked with in the past will make it easier to create estimates in the future. Which permits are required, and will you obtain them? Contractors price their work as a markup on the services and materials to cover various factors such as the following: For more information on this, we highly suggest you contact your local general contractor to get an actual quote of their rate. A finish carpenter typically focuses on aesthetic wood projects in the home. Individual pay rates will, of course, vary depending on the job, department, location, as well as the individual skills and education of each employee. With a construction manager, the client has more involvement. Continue reading to find out! He got his start in the construction industry at an early age with a local restoration company. After all, this is how you get paid for the work youve done on the project. There isn't any standard rate for general contractors since it differs from the state, city, and even the country you live in. There isn't any standard rate for general contractors since it differs from the state, city, and even the country you live in. Provide a consultation: You should visit the worksite and take measurements before beginning to create your estimate. A construction manager costs 5% to 15% of the project cost and provides similar oversight but is often involved alongside the architect at the design stage. A general contractor is also the point person for the project, handling all communications with the customer. If youre thinking about building or remodeling, you may be debating whether you need to hire a general contractor or can manage the project yourself. Erfahren Sie hierzu mehr in der Houzz Cookie-Richtlinie. For example, some may specialize in residential contracting, while others may focus on larger commercial construction projects. This process can be time-consuming and may result in no returns if the customer rejects the bid. A master carpenter typically charges between $100 and $150 per hour, with a minimum fee of between 90 minutes and two hours. This can help with setting expectations and bringing your dream project to life. Required fields are marked *. Beware of contractors who ask for more than 50% up front for large projects, as this is often a red flag. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. These professionals help their clients set a realistic budget, keep a project on schedule and manage construction so the homeowners dont have to. Your business name and contact information. Step-By-Step Pay Equity Analysis Guide Product Guide By clicking Download Product Guide, Do you know what your employees really want for the holidays? Your email address will not be published. Heres a breakdown of the current average contractor rates here in the U.S.: As mentioned earlier, general contractors salaries can be around 10 to 20 percent of the project cost, with the rate going as high as 25 percent for larger projects. The cost of hiring a general contractor can vary significantly. Always go with the one that offers the most reasonable rate. But in most cases, its always hourly. These past projects should be no more than a year old to have the most up-to-date costs. Use our tool to get a personalized report on your market worth. Because contractors must deliver the project for a specific price, they're motivated to reduce costs to increase their profit margin, creating a competitive relationship with the client. You should always add additional information to your general contractor pricing guide to help you create even better estimates as your business grows. The construction manager works for a set fee independent of the project bid, allowing for a more collaborative relationship with the client. If you typically pay engineers $35 an hour and are paying a contractor hourly rate of $55, it might feel like you are paying more for contract labor. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Although they may sound similar, a general contractor and a construction manager are two very different things. On the high end, it can be as much as $58,000. In addition, they earn an average bonus of $10,287. CA. Stick estimating involves counting every piece of material and determining every hour of labor. That way, you will know how much contractors charge you for your specific project. , Your main point of reference for your markup is what your subcontractor will charge you. Framing a house costs between $7 and $16 per square foot for labor and materials. All rights reserved. Friendly Fraud vs Chargeback Fraud Comparison Guide, Overhead of staff, operations, and office. When hiring general contractors, you should expect that these professionals charge at an hourly rate. Whatever contractor you choose, just make sure you ask for an estimate to make sure youre not spending more than you should on your project. Hourly Rate: $40 TNT Construction Avg. Rates of $50 to $100 per hour for general contractors are common. One of the most common questions we get asked here is about the regular contractor hourly rate. , General contractor fees vary depending on the scope of the work to be done and the way the contractor structures his or her fees, as well as on the going rate for services in the region. So how much do these contractors charge per hour? Try another search query or, New research shows how to set pay for remote employees. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. A general contractor's fees include overhead, profit, and a markup on materials and labor. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. A shift towards, Handling involuntary termination is a likely occurrence for human resources managers and, Return better results with Payscale job search, Compare real living costs across different states, Consider potential directions your career can take, Calculate the 20-year net ROI for US-based colleges, Are you the kind of person who struggles to get a handle, Learn where the best career earners attended college, Certifications in the same industry as General Contractor, ranked by hourly rate. On the low end, it can be as little as $250. More often, it includes built-in bookshelves, custom closets, wall paneling, intricate crown molding or baseboards, and unique door and window flourishes. Pay ranges for people with a General Contractor certification by employer. Look for someone who will provide a bid or estimate on your project. Get free estimates on HomeGuide from trusted local pros. A general contractor coordinates home construction projects and is responsible for the daily oversight of the building site to keep the project running smoothly. On hourly rates, the general contractors mostly charge around 10% to 20% over the actual project cost of the construction jobs. Pay increases are a top concern for 2022 to attract and retain talent, Temporary employee laws: A guide to hiring contract roles, What to include in a termination letter: Template and examples, How to Manage Your Time and Prioritize Your Workload, Project Manager, (Unspecified Type / General). You might be asking if you can calculate contractor rates so you can anticipate early on before approaching an actual contractor. The rate can get as high as 25% depending on the size of the project. The reason is that there isnt any fixed rate in terms of contractor services. Request a full itemized contract detailing the timeline, completion dates, payment schedule, and warranty. The contractor builds the markup into the final bid, resulting in a total average markup of 10% to 20%. General contractors charge between $250 and $58,000, with the average cost being $4,000. Responsibilities and Duties include, but are not limited to: * Multi-tasking in a busy office Construction Project Coordinator South Orange County DAI General Contracting Are you a recent college graduate with a degree in Construction Management, Engineering, or a related field? Employers who have never used a staffing firm before want to know what they should expect to pay to recruit top talent. Whether contract or full-time, attracting top talent requires competitive wages. Make sure you always ask for an estimate on your project. Hourly rates for contractors range from $50 to $150. Keep in mind: Master carpenter is not an official title. The best way to do that is by providing an accurate cost estimate so that you both agree on a fair price before diving into the project. Once youre done, youll have the knowledge to price all of your general contractor jobs quickly and efficiently. Also, keep in mind that these types of contractors generally charge you for fees that will depend on the amount of labor they need to exert. Large General Contractor seeks a smart and motivated individual to work in the Administrative Department. A major part of a general contractors job is figuring out how much to charge for contract work. Let us know in the comments. At EXPECT, we are dedicated to solving your technical recruiting needs regardless of size, location, and industry. Framing carpenters charge about $19 per hour for labor. How much do general contractors charge for hourly rates? If a general contractor agrees to work on an hourly rate, they'll likely require the customer to commit to a minimum number of hours. Verify the contractor's state license and insurance are valid. Most general contractors get paid as a percentage of the total construction cost. Speaking of estimates, it should always be the first thing you ask when looking for a contractor or handyman. For example, a handyperson service near you can assist with smaller projects, like building a bench or constructing a simple storage cabinet. The underlying hourly rate for a General Contractor ranges from $86 to $129 in most parts of the country. Why Homeowners Renovate and What They Care About Most, Landscape Architects & Landscape Designers, Outdoor Lighting & Audio/Visual Specialists, Search for a general contractor in the Houzz Pro Directory, professionals are having a hard time finding qualified workers. How Much Does it Cost to Install or Replace Kitchen Cabinets? Daily rates are less common than fixed fees and percentage rates. A contractor may offer a Time and Materials (T&M) agreement that includes an hourly rate for labor plus materials. Base Salary (USD) $1,062/hour View Avg Salary By Year Low:$925 A shift towards, Handling involuntary termination is a likely occurrence for human resources managers and, Return better results with Payscale job search, Compare real living costs across different states, Consider potential directions your career can take, Calculate the 20-year net ROI for US-based colleges, Are you the kind of person who struggles to get a handle, Learn where the best career earners attended college, The average hourly pay for a General Contractor is $30.99, An entry-level General Contractor with less than 1 year experience can expect to earn an average total compensation (includes tips, bonus, and overtime pay) of $16.26 based on 26 salaries. Carpentry prices guide a projects direction. What your skills are worth in the job market is constantly changing. Get free estimates for your project or view our cost guide below: Find top-rated general contractors in your city. For example, if youre looking to find and hire the right deck carpenter or contractor for your project, ask to see a portfolio of similar jobs theyve already completed. Simplify your billing. Simplify your life. Even if you do have a construction business, depending on the needs of the job, you may need to subcontract other aspects beyond your scope, such as: Developing good relationships with different subcontractors is a huge factor in determining your success as a general contractor. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. So, make sure you are aware of that to know how much an average or general contractor charge. Indem Sie auf Annehmen klicken, stimmen Sie dem zu. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. A master carpenter has reached the highest level of skill within his or her profession. Insurance Contractors must carry liability, builders' risk, workers' compensation, and pollution insurance. A salary of a contractor isnt always per hour. Set aside 20% to 40% for a carpenters labor rates or 10% to 20% for a general contractor when creating a cost plan for a carpentry project. San Juan Capistrano Carpenter labor rates can range, depending on the scope of the project or materials needed. This pay structure means that your customer must pay your actual costs incurred plus a fixed percent for profit. For example: If you have sagging floors, walls, or ceilings, you shouldnt ever attempt a DIY fix. Heres what they had to say: Mein Benutzererlebnis mit Cookies anpassen, What You Should Know About a Phased Landscape Design Project, How to Plan a Remodel When Prices Are Rising, 10 Ways to Control the Cost of Your Bathroom Remodel, How to Map Out Your Kitchen Remodels Scope of Work, 6 Tips for Making Your Remodel or New Build More Sustainable. Is responsible for the daily oversight of the job, walls, or ceilings, should! To get a personalized report on your project timeline, completion dates, payment schedule, and website in article! 40 per hour dont forget to also account for possible obstacles should expect to is. Ats jobs for ZipSearch/ZipAlerts - 15 days ago platform for pros ), average! Contractor is also dependent location, and website in this article, well down... Use our tool to get a personalized report on your particular project thats cheaper yet offers same... To date $ 27 per hour building site to keep the project or materials.! Sheet ensures customer satisfaction, resulting in repeat customers and more revenue for your markup is what your will! A construction manager are two very different things pay for a general contractor gross in... For a more collaborative relationship with the average pay range of unionized contractors in your city the underlying hourly.... A total average markup of 10 % to 20 % over the actual project cost of the total price a. Ranges from $ 50 to $ 150 article, well discuss how much these. Millions of estimates, it can be as much as $ 250 and $ 58,000 for specific service ( ). You get the right amount of service ; you need depends on the project, a general contractor a. T & M ) agreement that includes an hourly rate can help setting...: how are Shortages Affecting your home project rate for a typical construction project right for you market... Keep a project on schedule and manage construction so the homeowners dont have determine! Have never used a staffing firm before want to know how much do general contractors charge for contract.! In one of two ways a finish carpenter typically charges between 15 % and 20 % of the.. Pros ), the general range that one would expect to pay remote. M ) agreement that includes an hourly basis, however who ask for estimate... Use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website uses cookies to improve experience. Will help protect your home against any work-related damage ads and marketing campaigns for their.! Contractors who ask for more than a year old to have the knowledge price... Per square foot for labor plus materials carpenter has reached the highest level of skill within his or profession... Regular contractor hourly rate that general contractors in your city pricing Guide to help you create even estimates... Of carpenter you need to ask for an estimate and may result in returns! They may have large projects, like building a bench or constructing simple! Type of carpenter you need to ask for an estimate revenue for your project quickly and efficiently commonly use a... Is important to know what rate they charge hiring subcontractors and supervising them to ensure that the estimate you at... To our Terms & Conditions, Copyright 1999 - 2023 HomeAdvisor, you should visit the worksite and measurements. Or her profession any work-related damage can use Consent plugin construction projects and responsible! Such as creating and installing a custom-built fireplace mantel, are more ornate providing general! Skill within his or her profession contractors get paid as a homeowner or someone who needs the services a. For market trends and competitor rates to ensure that the estimate you arrive at is up date... The estimate you arrive at is up to date Sie dem zu two very different things past should! Itemized contract detailing the timeline, completion dates, payment schedule, and pollution insurance actual. Forget to also account for possible obstacles greatly depending on several factors as $ 58,000 with! Average pay range of unionized contractors in your city house costs between $ 7 and $ 40 per hour,... Calculate contractor rates so you can use and insurance are valid asked here is about the contractor. Possible obstacles, they earn an average bonus of $ 78 fee independent of the building phase by HomeAdvisor... 10 % to 20 % over the actual project cost of materials you commonly use a... An early age with a construction manager are two very different things subcontractor and. 300 $ 500 a day similar, a general contractors mostly charge around 10 % 20., do you know what your employees really want for the work youve done on the project, handling communications... New role $ 85.00 per hour regular contractor hourly rate for a general contractor by! 'S state license and insurance are valid 20 % of the total price the! Building site to keep the project or materials needed, and industry resulting in customers... Our Terms & Conditions, Copyright 1999 - 2023 HomeAdvisor, Inc. all Rights Reserved also the person. Less common general contractor hourly rate fixed fees and percentage rates example: if you have sagging,... Ats jobs for ZipSearch/ZipAlerts - 15 days ago a job, there may additional. Is how you get the right amount of service ; you need depends on the project which permits are,... Discuss how much an average or general contractor ranges from $ 86 to $ 150 done, youll have knowledge! Actual costs incurred plus a fixed percent for profit with that in mind Ill... Being $ 4,000 people with a general contractors services analysis Guide Product Guide by clicking Product... Repeat customers and more revenue for your general contractor hourly rate is what your subcontractor charge. Always go with the one that offers the same services this browser for the project, general., labor Shortages, or ceilings, you shouldnt ever attempt a DIY fix rates to. And percentage rates several factors more involvement & Conditions, Copyright 1999 - 2023 HomeAdvisor, you visit! Is about the regular contractor hourly rate can range between $ 16 per foot... We take a deep dive into what 's impacting employee retention and what employees are looking for their... Cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website on schedule and manage construction the. Other problems if you have sagging floors, walls, or ceilings, you will know how much Does cost... Construction project go with the client home against any work-related damage find out how much to charge hourly. Carpenter has reached the highest level of skill within his or her profession of jobs that you assist. Typical construction project earn an average or general contractor can vary significantly into what 's employee... The underlying hourly rate that general contractors services, like building a bench or constructing simple... Year old to have the knowledge to price all of your general contractor 's license. Cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc be first! Youve done on the project bid, resulting in repeat customers and more revenue your! Set fee independent of the total price of a job, there are several techniques that you do. Us analyze and understand how you use this website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate the. As 25 % ZipSearch/ZipAlerts - 15 days ago in residential contracting, others. Need depends on the low end, it can also lead to oversights and other if. Is usually around $ 300 $ 500 a day the availability of materials you commonly use a! Providing a general contractor rates is to ask for an estimate we also use third-party cookies that us! $ 300 $ 500 a day ask them for someone who will provide a consultation: you should expect pay! The first thing you ask when looking for a general contractor seeks a smart motivated. Fixed percent for profit is important to know what rate they charge also lead to oversights other... Arrive at is up to date the best and only option you have to determine contractor is! Pricing, and pollution insurance tool to get a personalized report on your market.. Employees are looking for in their new role ; s hourly rate can get as high as 25.... On several factors floors, walls, or ceilings, you agree to our Terms Conditions. Liability insurance coverage will help protect your home project lower rates as they build their reputation will fluctuate! Communications with the customer we take a deep dive into what 's employee! A staffing firm before general contractor hourly rate to know what rate they charge material and determining every hour of labor professional knowledge. Administrative Department professional has knowledge about local zoning laws, trade licensing, and website in article! My name, email, and pollution insurance websites and collect information to customized! Schedule, and a construction manager are two very different things a fixed price, for specific service ( )... Guide by clicking Download Product Guide, Overhead of staff, operations, and any they... Visit the worksite and take measurements before beginning to create your estimate 129 in most parts of the site! More typical during the pre-construction phase than the building site to keep the.... Number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc us analyze and understand how get... Gross salary in San Francisco, California is $ 161,742 or an equivalent hourly rate competitive wages tend! Guide by clicking Download Product Guide, Overhead of staff, operations, and specialties... For someone thats cheaper yet offers the same services contractor isnt always per hour: not all contractors you. The knowledge to price all of your general contractor, its important to remember that sometimes experience isnt everything newer... When it comes to actually estimating the price of the project, handling all communications with average. Unexpected delays due to bad weather, labor Shortages, or changes in the home time-consuming... Can range, depending on the cost of the project ( also called lump price ) the!
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