Recounts: What are the rules in key contested states? Thirdly, as a result, the Palestinian and Sahrawi diplomatic practices examined here have also exerted some influence and provoked changes in the “high politics” arena, as they have been linked to the recent emergence of EU practices of territorial differentiation which establish a distinction between actors, activities, and products located in (or originating from) the internationally recognized territories of Israel and Morocco, on the one hand, and the territories of Palestine and Western Sahara occupied by those countries, on the other. contested definition: 1. past simple and past participle of contest 2. He prefers instead to use the titles of “minister” and “Polisario representative to Europe,” although he remains pragmatic and flexible when it comes to strategically adapting his self-presentation to the requirements of different kinds of meetings (Interview 5). However, due to a mix of persuasion and contagion, some of the new ways of doing things soon became routine for contested state and nonstate actors altogether, blurring the boundaries between these two categories—and between diplomacy and activism (McConnell 2017, 140)—in a quite productive way. There are four legal reasons for a will contest in most states, and it can be very difficult to prove any one of them. Empirically, the article explores longitudinal and cross-case variation in the specific forms in which the representatives of contested states regularly interact and conduct what they view as their diplomacy vis-à-vis the institutions of the EU. Asimismo, este artículo proporciona una manera de resolver el desacuerdo que existe en la actualidad sobre qué debería abarcar en forma empírica el concepto teórico de estado en disputa al presentar un procedimiento explícito y sistemático en la aplicación del concepto al mundo empírico. Interview 12. Liberal Justice Elena Kagan will handle the circuit containing the other two contested states, Arizona and Nevada. The Palestinian and Sahrawi diplomatic practices in this direction similarly involve a two-step interaction through the means of contact with the member states’ permanent representations to the EU. For us, such conceptual muddle and shifting sands are actually closely reflective of the very ontological nature of these polities as liminal international actors. We also build on the critical diplomatic studies literature (Der Derian 1987; Constantinou and Der Derian 2010) and, specifically, Constantinou, Cornago, and McConnell's (2016, 52) notion of “hybrid diplomacies,” which seeks to overcome the analytical deadlock reached by the dichotomy between “old” (state) and “new” (nonstate) diplomacy, making room for “a multitude of different actors as both intertwined with each other and co-constitutive of the ongoing transformation of diplomatic practice.” When applied to diplomacy in situations of liminality in which statehood and state recognition, or the lack thereof, are the critical issues at stake for both sides of the relationship, the state versus nonstate distinction emerges as existential for what the actors are (liminal actors), yet is often feeble in terms of what they do (hybrid diplomatic practices). We conclude by offering suggestions for a future research agenda on contested state diplomatic practices. 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