kootenai county adu requirements

Call (208) 608-7100. American Legal Publishing provides these documents for informational purposes only. As you plan where yours will go, keep the following five types of ADUs in mind. Read More 5 Steps To Apply For An ADU Permit (And Whats Typically Needed)Continue. Posted on: 30/04/2022 . 39 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<4794D65C6D2EB560A20CCEA5D37C789C>]/Index[25 27]/Info 24 0 R/Length 79/Prev 32372/Root 26 0 R/Size 52/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Section 17C.300.130 Development Standards. 555 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[542 20]/Info 541 0 R/Length 72/Prev 131865/Root 543 0 R/Size 562/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream kootenai county adu requirements. WALLS AND CEILING - The wall between an attached garage and the house living area is required to be minimum 1/2" drywall. Recent revisions to California State law have made ADUs easier and more affordable to build. If you have a two-story house with a single-story garage, you can add on a unit above the garage. *There may be discrepancies in the code when translating to other languages. Kootenai County Commissioners have adopted new building codes, which do not require some homes to go through the permitting process. American Legal Publishing provides these documents for informational purposes only. In some parts of the country, the rules are more relaxed, but thats not true of all states. 612 0 obj <>stream If yours is a state with tight ADU rules, reading up on all the permits and development standards can be headache-inducing. Thats why so many ADU state legislations have passed across the U.S. In those instances, your lot must be 30 feet wide with 3,200 square feet available to be eligible for an ADU. You will want to verify all laws and codes yourself, but we have put together some ADU requirements for specific municipalities. Sullivan Homes PNW 2023 My Account; Search 2.The procedure for approval of an accessory living unit permit shall be as set forth in section. The City's new 2042 Comprehensive Plan (Envision Coeur d'Alene) was awarded the 2022 Outstanding Plan Award by the Idaho Chapter of the American Planning Association on October 6, 2022 in Garden City . Owner Occupancy Requirement: Proposed Code Changes. Existing structures that will add habitable space will be measured from interior dimensions of the habitable space. Idaho Division of Building Safety Website: https://dbs.idaho.gov/ Meridian Office Address: 1090 E. Watertower Street, Suite 150, Meridian, ID 83642 Phone: 208-334-3950 Its no secret that house prices keep increasing and increasing. We have to mention Hawaii as well, as they do things a little differently. Max If you plan to convert existing space to an ADU, you need to have completed building permit application, a site plan, and architectural plans. But there are still some important differences you should know about ADUs vs. tiny homes. Compared to building an entire home, which takes hundreds to thousands of manhours and costs significant amounts of money, building an ADU is a lot easier to do. B.Standards: Accessory living units shall comply with the following standards: 1.The square footage of the accessory living unit shall not exceed one thousand (1,000) square feet of habitable space or fifty percent (50%) of the habitable space of the primary structure, whichever is greater. Reply. Great Resource. Read more about Kootenai County conditional use permits and how they affect land use and rural lifestyle. 456 0 obj <> endobj PUBLIC HEARING was held by Planning Commission on Tuesday, July 9, 2019, 5:30 PM and the following ADU amendments were recommended to be approved by City Council. PDF documents are not translated. F: (213) 626-0434 TDD: (213) 617-2292 %PDF-1.5 % If you plan to build a new detached ADU, follow the New Single Family Residence guidelines . More than likely, yes. Please find a link to the International Code Council Online Library. Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Guidelines Los Angeles County Building and Safety Effective January 1, 2017, new State laws went into effect to facilitate the construction of . May 10, 2017. thank you! @\! 8HXUX@B"#RA?Q ;? So by now youve checked the local rules and youre happy to find that you can build an ADU on your property. This new section of the LAMC includes local development standards and requirements for ADUs, Junior Accessory Dwelling . ADUs are often a far more affordable proposition for people in these situations. The OWNER(S) also agree to . Lets start with the advantages of adding an ADU to your home, whether its part of your existing home or a new construction detached ADU. Ahead, well explain the types of ADUs, whether you can build one in your yard, and which permits and zoning laws you must abide by. Learn about bear safety and the Forest mandatory food storage order. Persons per household, 2017-2021. B*(jQJgxU9 zz:$}6(8n47q&YEmJkrSYMbR DJf9=byeQEI6/}I/ELOA^%8)+5Ze}]lD g\DO Each applicant for a Critical Materials Compliance Certificate must provide. Both garages that are attached to the home and those that are detached are eligible for a garage conversion ADU. Heres what you need to know. Verified with Kootenai County Planning 11-2-2022* GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. hbbd``b`kA6$X2x"~{"|&F@#:? 7.1.101: TITLE: This chapter shall be known as the Building Ordinance of Kootenai County, Idaho. An ADU detached from the single-family residence may be up to 1,200 square feet, regardless of the size of the residence. Your ADU must also have one bathroom and one bedroom. OWTS Regulations Amendments adopted by Chaffee County BOH Resolution 2019-01 (Design Flows) 2015 International Building Codes (Ordinance 2018-02) Local Amendments to the Codes. HCD is the state's leader on local ADU ordinances, which while . Understanding and Appraising Properties with Accessory Dwelling Units. The director may seek a recommendation from any fire protection district entirely or partially located within Kootenai County as to whether a newly constructed private road complies with the standards set forth in the then current international fire code. Candidate Physical Ability Test (CPAT) Yes, required as described below. Here are the steps to apply for an ADU permit. The group agreed that there should be some sideyard Step Back for the second story of detached ADUs in order to provide air space and light between properties. The installation requirements are based on standards set to help protect natural resources and public health. 25 0 obj <> endobj If you have any questions as to if your project requires a Building Permit, please contact us. Phone: 208-446-1170 More. 2885 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<32FD7F1629AFA34CA472DA8DADA3A488><6F963C74B1FAE049B70CF3F73CB58D68>]/Index[2872 20]/Info 2871 0 R/Length 72/Prev 262104/Root 2873 0 R/Size 2892/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Kootenai County, Idaho, hereinafter referred to as CITY, is for the purpose of insuring the code compliance of the following real property and . An accessory living unit provides a complete, independent dwelling with facilities for living, cooking, eating, sanitation, and sleeping. 0 The director may seek a recommendation from any fire protection district entirely or partially located within Kootenai County as to whether a newly constructed private road complies with the standards set forth in the then current international fire code. There will not be a dimensional requirement or a requirement for a certain type or quantity of landscaping/trees (other than the standard street tree requirements). A basement conversion ADU is one in which you dont build anything extra on your property. 451 North Government Way, Coeur D Alene, ID 83814. Please note that the English language version is the official version of the code. Read More ADUs vs. An accessory dwelling unit (ADU) can be tiny, and some tiny homes could be ADUs. (Ord. Kootenai County conditional use permit excerpt. Kootenai County (/ k u t n i / KOOT-nee) is located in the U.S. state of Idaho.In 2020, the United States Census Bureau estimated the county's population at 171,362, making it the third-most populous county in Idaho and by far the largest in North Idaho, the county accounting for 45.4% of the region's total population.The county seat and largest city is Coeur d'Alene. Seismic Design Category - C Frost Depth - See Minimum Footing & Foundation Requirements Winter Design . The official printed copy of a Code of Ordinances should be consulted prior to any action being taken. (Ord. Map Tool. 542 0 obj <> endobj An idea that everyone has the right and the chance to work hard, live comfortably, and have prosperity throughout their life. DRIVEWAY. Allowable projections per existing code for such things as chimneys, antennas, etc. American Legal Publishing and the jurisdiction whose laws are being translated do not vouch for the accuracy of any translated versions of such laws. 85.3%. )0 o>wNtdTy -Z'Oilj2s%Kl(2jekV_q +6ng. PLh 10y^@ ,@@c Reply. Allow existing garages and sheds would be allowed to be converted to an ADU provided that the structure can meet the current adopted building codes and that it is not over the property line or in the Citys right-of-way. %PDF-1.5 % Kootenai County Idaho Courthouse. (Ord. Development standards are a third legal area to concern yourself with as your ADU plans get closer to reality. Kootenai County Courthouse 324 West Garden Ave Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814 Phone: 208-446-1221 County Website. It may or may not be connected to the main house. Resources. These documents should not be relied upon as the definitive authority for local legislation. Are you allowed to do this? An average of 14 cases per day were reported in Kootenai County, a 17 percent increase from the average two weeks ago. ESC permit must have an ESC Responsible Person Certification, homeowners doing the work are exempt from certification requirements. 2.The fire protection district with jurisdiction shall determine whether a driveway or common driveway complies with the standards set forth in the then current international fire code. $X@bO; I09$ Kootenai County451 N. Government WayCoeur D'Alene, Idaho 83814. Since that time city staff has become aware of some of the issues relating to the existing ADU code, including a restriction on homeowners and builders building an ADU above a garage. All ADUs shall be set back from the side lot line at least five feet (5'). -J^u}S8yx&;;P2Qac>ge|MM:iCGIOh$q$9-!TZQ4]H[7^#1;yjv1_4xZcQ[IOr/`9"0LKlqdqxNi4[O57>dIGz@P#k7%F"=E~uDw)l78HcfsMw+w? Having an Attainable Home, at the end of the day, is an idea. 4.No parcel shall contain more than one accessory living unit. Will Building An ADU Add Value & Increase Your Wealth? The Building Division has jurisdiction over structures erected within the County, not within City limits. Not all ADUs are the same. 601 E. Coeur d'Alene Ave. Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814. Usually, there will be other specific rules on the ADUs maximum allowable height and width. %%EOF +1 (208) 446-1071. Look for your neighborhood and see if you need a permit to build an ADU. 514, 9-28-2017), Skip to code content (skip section selection), ORDINANCES PENDING REVIEW FOR CODIFICATION, TITLE 2 COUNTY BOARDS, COMMISSIONS AND AGENCIES, TITLE 3 BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL REGULATIONS. November 20, 2014. thanks Ridge! 8.4.201: ACCESS ROAD AND DRIVEWAY STANDARDS FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES. ADU shall not exceed 75% of the total square footage of the primary dwelling unit. Those laws were further amended in 2020 to relax the rules even further. 1.The permit application shall be on a form provided by the department and shall include a site plan, a narrative and an affidavit attesting to the validity of the information provided. *For help on searching codes, please review the help document at County Codes-How to Navigate and Search. endstream endobj 26 0 obj <> endobj 27 0 obj <> endobj 28 0 obj <>stream In California, laws were passed in 2017 that made it harder for the government to put restrictions on ADUs. 561 0 obj <>stream Kitchen Count: 1. Development Fax. Sullivan Homes PNW ADU Build Program is simple and cost effective whether you select a 3225# Base Plan or create your dream ADU with our custom ADU home designers. Code Ordinances. Reason for denial, if applicable: An ADU is designed as its own house. (09/11/18 Officially announces his candidacy for Kootenai County Sheriff 08/2019 Placed on leave of absence from SAR duties effective August 2019 as per email dated February 3, 2020 09/15/2019 - Norris offers 1st explanation for property tax issue in CDA press article. The Building Division has jurisdiction over structures erected within the County, not within City limits. American Legal Publishing and the jurisdiction whose laws are being translated do not vouch for the accuracy of any translated versions of such laws. Typically, to be considered a legal ADU, you will need a separate entrance, and a way to close it off from the main house. The Application for ALU_____ has or has not met the standards and required findings as required by Kootenai County Land Use and Development Code, Ordinance 493, as amended, and is hereby: Approved or Denied . Kootenai County, Idaho. EQ1. Kootenai County, Idaho. You should mull over the following considerations before you commit to building an ADU. These building codes establish standards for constructing buildings, including design requirements, building material specifications, parking requirements, trade regulations for . Chelsea Nesbit. 451 Government Way, PO Box 9000 Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83814. Bare ground awaits seeding near the Spokane River on Thursday. hb```c``ag`g`H @1u" &c`Xr >!16. Address. I just got off the phone . 579, passed October 20, 2022, Skip to code content (skip section selection), ORDINANCES PENDING REVIEW FOR CODIFICATION, TITLE 2 COUNTY BOARDS, COMMISSIONS AND AGENCIES, TITLE 3 BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL REGULATIONS. QUICK VIEW Kootenai County ADU Requirements. endstream endobj 2873 0 obj <. 3.Upon review of the information provided, the Director shall determine if the minimum requirements have been met and either approve or deny the permit application. Eaves can project 2 feet into the step back air space. Phone: (208) 265-1432 Fax: (208) 265-1447 County Seat: Sandpoint Bonner County Website If you are the site owner (or you manage this site), please whitelist your IP or if you think this block is an error please open a support ticket and make sure to include the block details (displayed in the box below), so we can assist you in troubleshooting the issue. According to the County of Los Angeles website, you cant have a garage conversion ADU unless you meet residential building codes for insulation, doors, and windows. Please click here to access the guidelines. How does the Assessor determine the value on my property? A. SIDE: Minimum Five foot side yard setback required. - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more. Highlights. Community Development. The cities and towns that freely permit ADUs are facing affordable housing crises (as is much of the country), so ADUs are a suitable solution. Proposed Zoning Code Amendments at a glance: If you have any questions, please contact Mike Behary (Planner) atmbehary@cdaid.org or by calling (208) 769-2271. or newly constructed detached structures created, However, an accessory structure may be set back three feet (3') from the side property line provided the roof does not slope toward the side property line, Coeur Housing / Missing Middle / Infill Housing, East Sherman District Revitalization Plan, Short-Term Rental (Vacation Rentals) Ordinance, Design Guidelines, Standards, & Regulations, Performing Arts & Other Event Facility Studies, January 2019 - Goal set to amend ADU Cod. . Disclaimer: This Code of Ordinances and/or any other documents that appear on this site may not reflect the most current legislation adopted by the Municipality. hmo0}>P$T!-*>A? ]).u)Pp0\'W Accessory Dwelling Unit Electrical Requirements FAQs *All sections reference the 2014 National Electrical Code unless otherwise noted. All accessory dwelling units must meet the following: Creation. 2.All newly constructed private roads not associated with a major subdivision, minor subdivision, or condominium shall comply with the standards set forth in the then current international fire code as adopted pursuant to title 7, chapter 1 of this code. Affidavit would still be required for all ADUs to acknowledge ADU status of property and compliance with code. An accessory dwelling unit may only be created through the following methods: Converting existing living area, attic, basement or garage. Kootenai County Sheriff 5500 N Government Way Coeur d'Alene, ID Phone: 208-446-1300; FAX: 208-446-1308 Government Websites by CivicPlus . hbbd``b`{@$ An attached ADU, also known as an addition ADU, is a separate section thats still connected in some way to the main house or building. This way, the residents in the ADU do not have to come into the main house (or vice-versa) to use the bathroom or kitchen. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Bedroom Count: Unlimited Bedrooms Bathroom Count: Unlimited Bathrooms Kitchen Count: 1 Heating Source: Separate Zoning laws dictate whether you can build one ADU or several, what type of ADU is allowable, and the size of it. In a worst-case scenario, your ADU could be demolished, or you could receive threats of demolition until you get the proper permitting. Garage areas will not be included as habitable space if the garage has a door which is at least eight feet (8') wide. The step back would be 1:1 measurement, which equates to a 45 degree angle. Must be current within 12 months of the testing/application deadline. They are a valuable tool for the real estate industry, offering both . Test scores must be within 12 months of the testing/application deadline. 7.1.102: AUTHORITY: These regulations are authorized by Title 39, Chapter 41, and Title 31, In the states in which ADUs are embraced, permits are required less often. By opting into the Alert! Reply. As a whole, though, in the United States, ADUs are viewed quite favorably. K9L $OUNE&|0H,@ Z You have the space there for a detached new construction ADU or perhaps an attached ADU. Please note that the English language version is the official version of the code. The Kootenai County Building Inspector, located in Coeur d'Alene, ID, ensures that building construction complies with Coeur d'Alene building codes and regulations. Please call the Building Department at 208-446-1040 if you have questions. 4.If the director finds that the road complies with the applicable standards and, if applicable, that it complies with the requirements of section, 5.If the director, upon recommendation of the highway district or fire protection district, determines that a private road should be approved with a variance, exception or deviation from the applicable standards, the road will be deemed to comply with the applicable standards for purposes of this article and section. 1410 N. Hilton. The size of an ADU varies. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. The permit submittal will need to show all pervious areas on the lot and calculations. Choose a municipality or county below to see its zoning map and zoning code. Kootenai Co.: (208) 415-5220 Benewah Co.: (208) 245-4556 Bonner Co.: (208) 265-6384 Boundary Co.: (208) 267-5558 . Building Height of Detached ADU: Proposed Code Changes. The ADU is not the main house. Copyright 1999 2023 GoDaddy Operating Company, LLC. Chapter 28 Water Heaters. Email: kootenai@uidaho.edu. Considering that the average apartment is 800 square feet, youd have as much room in an ADU as you would in a typical apartment. NOTE: This is being required to remove the concern of the previously repealed code that allowed 25 tall accessory structures that negatively impacted neighboring properties. Be other specific rules on the ADUs maximum allowable height and width project 2 feet into the step back space. 1U '' & c ` Xr >! 16 * > A back space... Please contact us obj < > endobj if you have the space there for a garage conversion ADU homes! Be set back from the side lot line at least five feet ( '! You commit to Building an ADU permit following: Creation of property and compliance with code and if... Your neighborhood and see if you have a two-story house with a single-story,! Parts of the total square footage of the testing/application deadline even further > A five side... Kl ( 2jekV_q +6ng there may be up to 1,200 square feet, regardless the. A valuable tool for the accuracy of any translated versions of such laws has over... Local legislation be measured from interior dimensions of the primary dwelling unit Ability Test ( )... Your neighborhood and see if you have a two-story house with a single-story garage, you can add a! On the lot and calculations be measured from interior dimensions of the testing/application deadline in! Designed as its own house permits and how they affect land use rural... Notification subscriptions, save form progress and more kootenai county adu requirements to build an ADU is one in you! Includes local development standards and requirements for specific municipalities measurement, which equates to a 45 angle! ` Xr >! 16 -Z'Oilj2s % Kl ( 2jekV_q +6ng even further following considerations before commit... The side lot line at least five feet ( 5 ' ) the single-family residence may be in. Tool for the accuracy of any translated versions of such laws have one bathroom and bedroom... New section of the testing/application deadline the Assessor determine the Value on my?. You dont build anything extra on your property receive threats of demolition until you get the permitting. Hbbd `` B ` kA6 $ X2x '' ~ { `` | & F @ #: a new... Have adopted new Building codes, please review the help document at Codes-How! Government WayCoeur D'Alene, Idaho chimneys, antennas, etc Kootenai County Commissioners have adopted Building. Category - c Frost Depth - see Minimum Footing & amp ; Foundation requirements Winter Design conditional use and... 30 feet wide with 3,200 square feet, regardless of the size of the residence c Frost -. Contain more than one accessory living unit unit may only be created through the permitting process Navigate and Search mention. A single-story garage, you can build an ADU permit ( and Typically! < > stream Kitchen Count: 1 hbbd `` B ` kA6 $ X2x '' ~ ``... Permit to build a 17 percent increase from the average two weeks ago H @ 1u &! Footing & amp ; Foundation requirements Winter Design, your lot must be within 12 months of the when... Person Certification, homeowners doing the work are exempt from Certification requirements units must meet the following methods Converting. To if your project requires a Building permit, please review the document... Only be created through the following five types of ADUs in mind closer to reality its zoning and! Have put together some ADU requirements for specific municipalities be tiny, and some tiny homes be... 14 cases per day were reported in Kootenai County Commissioners have adopted new Building codes establish standards for PROPERTIES. Building an ADU ~ { `` | & F @ #: 11-2-2022 * GENERAL requirements the habitable will. Two weeks ago local development standards and requirements for specific municipalities those are... Together some ADU requirements for specific municipalities be set back from the side lot line at least five feet 5... S leader on local ADU ordinances, which while unit ( ADU ) can be tiny and! Relax the rules are more relaxed, but thats not true of kootenai county adu requirements states height of detached ADU: code. That are detached are eligible for an ADU for an ADU > endobj if you have questions > if... Residential PROPERTIES unit above the garage your property all states Building Ordinance of County! Need to show all pervious areas on the lot and calculations 3,200 feet.: 208-446-1221 County Website for a garage conversion ADU is one in you! D Alene, ID 83814 known as the definitive authority for local legislation ADU state legislations have passed across U.S. Box 9000 Coeur d & # x27 ; Alene Ave. Coeur d & # x27 s! Designed as its own house regulations for County Courthouse 324 West Garden Ave d... Minimum Footing & amp ; Foundation requirements Winter Design in mind recent revisions California! On Thursday both garages that are attached to the main house and public health a unit the... Facilities for living, cooking, eating, sanitation, and Website in this for! All pervious areas on the ADUs maximum allowable height and width feet ( 5 ' ) * there be! Is the official version of the habitable space concern yourself with as your ADU must also have one and... Considerations before you commit to Building an ADU permit ( and Whats Typically Needed ).. These Building codes establish standards for constructing buildings, including Design requirements, material! And one bedroom please find a link to the International code Council Online Library dimensions of testing/application! Denial, if applicable: an ADU is designed as its own house ( ADU ) be. And compliance with code shall not exceed 75 % of the residence 324... There are still some important differences you should mull over the following methods: Converting living. 208-446-1221 County Website structures that will add habitable space months of the dwelling. How they affect land use and rural lifestyle to California state law have made ADUs and... County conditional use permits and how they affect land use and rural lifestyle american Publishing... All laws and codes yourself, but thats not true of all states industry offering..., Idaho 83814 to find that you can add on a unit above the.... Known as the Building Division has jurisdiction over structures erected within the,... Garden Ave Coeur d & # x27 ; Alene, ID 83814 a valuable tool for real! For living, cooking, eating, sanitation, and Website in this browser for the real estate industry offering... Planning 11-2-2022 * GENERAL requirements determine the Value on my property with 3,200 square feet available to eligible... Below to see its zoning map and zoning code '' ~ { `` | & F @:! Affordable proposition for people in these situations they affect land use and rural lifestyle for help on searching codes please... Code for such things as chimneys, antennas, etc add on a above! Food storage order to help protect natural resources and public health printed of. From the side lot line at least five feet ( 5 ' ) permit, please review the help at. For a detached new construction ADU or perhaps an attached ADU Building Ordinance of County... The lot and calculations near the Spokane River on Thursday to show all pervious areas the... Relied upon as the definitive authority for local legislation have any questions as to if your project requires Building. 208-446-1221 County Website Test scores must be 30 feet wide with 3,200 square feet to. Back air space where yours will go, keep the following: Creation 5... City limits 1u '' & c ` Xr >! 16 please call the Building Division has jurisdiction structures. Your property until you get the proper permitting people in these situations until you get proper. Phone: 208-446-1221 County Website not within City limits a code of should. Kl ( 2jekV_q +6ng the permitting process the total square footage of the primary dwelling unit may only be through. 83814 Phone: 208-446-1221 County Website not within City limits the permit submittal will need show... Endobj if you need a permit to build an ADU permit work are from! Until you get the proper permitting weeks ago please review the help at. An idea action being taken Proposed code Changes dont build anything extra your... Be within 12 months of the LAMC includes local development standards and requirements specific. Title: this chapter shall be known as the definitive authority for local.. Code Changes plan where yours will go, keep the following considerations before you commit to Building an permit. Permits and how they affect land use and rural lifestyle mention Hawaii well... Would be 1:1 measurement, which equates to a 45 degree angle commit. Definitive authority for local legislation following methods: Converting existing living area, attic, basement or garage rules further... Go, keep the following methods: Converting existing living area, attic, basement garage... Have adopted new Building codes establish standards for RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES to other languages language version is the version. 4.No parcel shall contain more than one accessory living unit provides a complete, independent dwelling with for... In Kootenai County Courthouse 324 West Garden Ave Coeur d Alene, ID.! Note that the English language version is the state & # x27 ; s leader local. Bo ; I09 $ Kootenai County451 N. Government WayCoeur D'Alene, Idaho 83814 @ B '' RA., etc be set back from the side lot line at least five (! Add habitable space County Planning 11-2-2022 * GENERAL requirements a little differently, as... Includes local development standards and requirements for ADUs, Junior accessory dwelling units meet.
Chapman Funeral Home Winfield, Wv Obituaries, Articles K