Hemoglobin abnormalities (2015, December 22), What is sickle cell disease? To know more about the cost and other details about the hemoglobin electrophoresis test, contact our specialists from Yashoda Hospital and get a free second opinion from our experts. These could be a sign of disorders including: 3. In: Hoffman R BJE, Shattil SJ, Furie B, Silberstein LE, McGlave P, Heslop HE, ed. (III-A) 3. Reasons your doctor may want you to do a hemoglobin electrophoresis test include: 1. Iron is deposited in visceral organs (mainly the heart, liver, and endocrine glands), and most patient deaths are caused by cardiac complications.11 Endocrinopathies, particularly hypogonadism and diabetes mellitus, may occur in adolescents and adults.2. Available from: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Internet]. Alpha thalassemia intermedia, or HbH disease, causes hemolysis and severe anemia. There are some normal and some abnormal hemoglobin types in human body, and if the abnormal hemoglobin exceeds the amount of normal hemoglobin, this will result in a blood disorder. An abnormal change in your hemoglobin type levels may be a sign you have a medical condition. This is the most common type of hemoglobin found normally in adults. In this condition, you have one sickle cell gene and one normal gene. A Haemoglobin Electrophoresis test is used to look for the types of haemoglobin in your blood. Lab test ranges: definitions. It may cause pain, infection, stroke, and anemia (low levels of red blood cells). [1] : Presence of HbS, but with a higher proportion of HbA than HbS: Sickle cell trait (HbAS) or sickle -thalassemia, Presence of HbS and HbF, but no HbA: Sickle cell anemia (HbSS), sickle beta0 -thalassemia (hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin [HPFH]), or sickleHPFH, Overall higher proportion of HbS than HbA and HbF: Sickle beta+ -thalassemia (most likely), Presence of HbC, but with a higher proportion of HbA than HbC: HbC trait (HbAC), Presence of HbC and HbF, but no HbA: HbC disease (HbCC), HbC beta0 -thalassemia (HbC-HPFH), A higher proportion of HbC than HbA: HbC beta+ -thalassemia, Increased HbF: Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, sickle cell anemia, beta-thalassemia, HbC disease, HbE disease The levels that a hemoglobin electrophoresis test refer to are the percentages of the different types of hemoglobin that may be found in your blood. These are the possible outcomes with each pregnancy. These deficiencies can be fixed by including the following items in your diet: Hemoglobin in pregnancy can only stay at the desired level if you avoid or stop consuming items rich in caffeine, calcium, and gluten that prohibit the proper absorption of iron. Normal ranges included MCV 80 fL, MCH 27 pg, Hb A2 levels between 2.5% and 3.5%, and Hb F 5%. Hb electrophoresis (principle materials and procedure) 1. This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties. It can show if the blood is abnormal. To gauge the effectiveness of treatment of above conditions, Hemoglobin A or Adult hemoglobin- Most common type of hemoglobin found in healthy adults. Hemoglobin electrphoresis is among the routine blood tests done during pregnancy and the first prenatal visit. Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a test that measures the different types of hemoglobin in the blood. One study found osteoporosis in 51 percent of persons older than 12 years with thalassemia major.14, Persons with thalassemia trait require no treatment or long-term monitoring. A cotton ball is put over the needle site as the needle is removed. In the newborn period, if the electrophoresis shows Hb Bart's or HbH, the infant has alpha thalassemia. Your lab report should show the range that your lab uses for each test. Patient information: See related handout on thalassemia, written by the authors of this article. . Family physicians need to know how to diagnose thalassemias, how to distinguish them from other causes of a microcytic anemia, and the treatment options for severe forms of thalassemia. There are several types of hemoglobin, and the proportions of each type can vary . Newborn screening is a group of tests given to most American babies shortly after birth. If you had a hemoglobin electrophoresis test because you had certain symptoms, you should call your healthcare provider to review your results. Using these references, as well as publications by other researchers in which normal values were determined across pregnancy for a number of analytes, we compiled a table of the most common, and some not so common, laboratory test . Apr 2005;27(2):111-119.: Joutovsky A, Hadzi-Nesic J, Nardi MA. Symptoms range from mild to severe. Sickle Cell Disease; [cited 2020 Jan 10]; [about 3 screens]. The three-gene deletion results in significant production of hemoglobin H (HbH), which has four beta chains (beta4). In adults, these are normal percentages of different hemoglobin molecules: HbA: 95% to 98% (0.95 to 0.98) HbA2: 2% to 3% (0.02 to 0.03) HbE: Absent HbF: 0.8% to 2% (0.008 to 0.02) HbS: Absent HbC: Absent In infants and children, these are normal percentage of HbF molecules: HbF (newborn): 50% to 80% (0.5 to 0.8) HbF (6 months): 8% The one gene defect, beta thalassemia trait (minor), is asymptomatic and results in microcytosis and mild anemia. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Alpha thalassemia intermedia, or hemoglobin H disease, causes hemolytic anemia. Minor adult hemoglobin (HbA2) is made of two - and two -globin chains (2 2). Workup relies primarily on laboratory evaluation, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and genetic testing (alpha thalassemia mutations panel). Then they insert a small needle with a tube attached to collect blood. This test is also for screening for sickle cell trait for athletes other than those on UW teams. Jun 1993;17(3):227-242: Kim JE, Kim BR, Woo KS, Kim JM, Park JI, Han JY. However, neither the type of education nor the duration of therapy can be specified based on current evidence.24, Folic acid deficiency has been reported in thalassemia major and intermedia as a result of increased erythropoiesis. They then send your blood sample to a laboratory for analysis. This abnormal hemoglobin can cause too little oxygen to reach your tissues and organs. Hemoglobin electrophoresis helps healthcare providers diagnose those conditions. Transfusion-dependent patients will develop iron overload and require chelation therapy to remove the excess iron. In a study of 1019 women, the 95% reference range in non-anemic women rose from 4-57 mm/h in first trimester to 13-70 mm/h in third trimester. Diagnosis is based on genetic testing and quantitative hemoglobin analysis. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Since the test results are useful to rule out sickle cell and other blood disorders, it is also called 'Hemoglobin evaluation test' or 'Sickle cell screen'. For persons with beta thalassemia intermedia, the decision to transfuse is a more subjective clinical assessment. Since the test results are useful to rule out sickle cell and other blood disorders, it is also called Hemoglobin evaluation test or Sickle cell screen. Sickle cell can be diagnosed by a blood test. Recent Advances in the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease. When HbF is higher than 2% of the total hemoglobin, then this is considered abnormal. There are ranges for each hemoglobin type. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. This is different in babies and adults: Hemoglobin is mostly made up of hemoglobin F in fetuses. We avoid using tertiary references. Hemoglobin electrophoresis: Overview; [updated 2020 Jan 10; cited 2020 Jan 10]; [about 2 screens]. Serum ferritin is the best test to screen for iron deficiency anemia.10 In the absence of inflammation, a normal ferritin level generally excludes iron deficiency. Hemoglobin electrophoresis test is used to identify and measure different types of Hemoglobin that can be found in the blood. Gainesville (FL): University of Florida Health; c2020. (: Hb Electrophoresis Test) Hb . All Rights Reserved | Privacy Policy. This leads to the decrease of RBC concentration in blood, causinghemoglobin levels to drop. Your healthcare provider is your best resource for understanding your specific results. There is very little risk to having a blood test. Hemoglobin. Alkaline and/or citrate agar electrophoresis is the commonly used method. 20021389854-overviewDiseases & Conditions, You are being redirected to
Genetic testing is used to diagnose alpha thalassemia. It has 2 variants. There are usually two genes, but if there is only one gene for HgS and the other is HgA then the person is a carrier, but if there are two of the HgC or HgS genes or one is HgS and the other is HgC then the person has the actual condition. A value that isn't in the normal range may still be normal for you. Molecular genetic testingThis is a test of the genes in your blood. This examination is known medically as hemoglobin electrophoresis or hemoglobin electrophoresis, and it is a blood test that aims to measure and identify the different types of protein present in red blood cells, known as hemoglobin, and this protein is responsible for transporting oxygen to tissues and organs. Healthcare providers place dissolved red blood cells from the sample on a cellulose strip. URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-electrophoresis/. Your doctor may also want to test your child if you have a family history of abnormal hemoglobin or they have anemia thats not caused by an iron deficiency. The observations vary based on the type of Hemoglobin. Normal Results Normal results for adults vary, but in general are: Male: 13.8 to 17.2 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or 138 to 172 grams per liter (g/L) Female: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL or 121 to 151 g/L Normal results for children vary, but in general are: Newborn: 14 to 24 g/dL or 140 to 240 g/L Infant: 9.5 to 13 g/dL or 95 to 130 g/L If you are at risk of having a child with an inherited hemoglobin disorder, you may want to speak to a genetic counselor. This usually takes less than five minutes. 3. Alpha thalassemia intermedia, or HbH disease, causes mild to moderate hemolysis. A human body contains various types of hemoglobin in their blood. You may also want testing if you are at risk for having a child with sickle cell disease or another inherited hemoglobin disorder. 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