The concept of molecular geometry aims to depict the generic shape and structure of a molecule, accurate to the length between different bonds, the bond and torsional angles, other geometrical factors and variables that govern the shape and arrangement of an atom, and therefore, a molecule. Electron geometry describes the arrangement of electron groups. Carbon- 4 e-: [He] 2s22p2. the difference between Electron geometry and Molecular geometry is that electron geometry includes the **lone pairs or electron around the center ** they still influence the overall geometry but when we name the shape of a molecule. One can also use the steric number to know the hybridization; here, the steric number is 5 for the sulfur atom. Meaning one s orbital. This orbital is formed when an s orbital and 2 p orbitals are hybridized. Therefore, 4 New sp3 orbitals. An atom's orbitals can interact with other atoms and overlap to form a given hybrid atomic orbital For example- here the sp hybrid atomic orbital is formed: Molecular Orbitals Molecular orbital = overlap of two atomic orbitals from different atoms; There are two types of bonds formed in molecular orbitals: sigma bonds and pi bonds. The sp 3 orbital gets a new shape.) All orbitals are occupied by pairs of electrons not paramagnetic 1. The lone pair orbital will point toward the fourth corner of the tetrahedron, but since that position will be vacant, the NH 3 molecule itself cannot be tetrahedral; instead, it assumes a pyramidal shape, more specifically, that of a trigonal pyramid (a pyramid with a triangular base). If atoms are bonded at all three locations, the molecular shape is also called trigonal planar. And three p orbital combined. Correct bond order 2 predicted 3. The geometry of a molecule determines the reactivity, polarity and biological activity of that molecule. Therefore, the atom now has 4 hybrid orbitals. The geometry of a molecule can be given as either the electron geometry or the molecular geometry. Molecular geometry which is the arrangement of other atoms around that central atom. Molecular shape predicted to be flat 2. Main Difference Electron Geometry vs Molecular Geometry. For example, in the case of a trigonal planar shape as defined by electron geometry, there are three bonds. Hence the sulfur atom uses five hybridized orbitals, one 3s orbital, three 3p orbitals, and one 3d orbital. The shape is different from that of s orbital and p orbitals. SF4 Molecular Geometry. Valence Bond Theory vs. Molecular Orbital Theory for O 2 O O Lewis diagram predicts sp2 hybridization on O atoms sp 2 Bp z sp2 sp2 Bp sp sp sp2 bond bond 1. -the higher the molecular orbital bond order, the less stable the species -a species with more electrons in bonding than antibonding molecular orbitals will have a positive molecular orbital bond order -the lower the molecular orbital bond order, the weaker the bonds between the atoms of the species The molecular geometry is the shape of the molecule considering only the bond electron pairs. This arrangement of electrons around the atom and hybridized orbitals leads to the sp3d hybridization. Molecular geometry describes the arrangement of atoms, excluding lone pairs. Chemical Bonding II yMolecular Geometry (10.1) yDipole Moments (10.2) yValence Bond Theory (10.3) yHybridization of Atomic Orbitals (10.4) yHybridization in Molecules Containing Double and Triple Bonds (10.5) yMolecular Orbital Theory (10.6) Electron from 2s is promoted to 2p. Electron geometry, there are three bonds electron from 2s is promoted to 2p orbitals and Geometry of a trigonal planar hybridized orbitals, and one 3d orbital central atom energies are from Shape as defined by electron geometry or the molecular geometry is deduced from the geometry. Arrangement of electrons not paramagnetic 1 molecule considering only the bond electron pairs electrons! Leads to the sp3d hybridization only the bond electron pairs if atoms are bonded at three 3P orbitals, one 3s orbital, three 3p orbitals, one 3s,! 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